Choson

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Choson officially the Republic of Choson (Hangul: 조선 공화국; Hanja: 朝鮮 共和國; Joseon Gonghwagug) is a sovereign state located in the far east of the asian continent. Choson is located on the Choson Peninsula, but owns the dozens of islands which lie off the coast of the country.

Today, Choson is a major economic power governed as a unitary constitutional republic. Choson has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military, and political influence in the region and around the world. With the sixth-highest Human Development Index, exceptional healthcare standards, and the fifth highest per-capita income globally, Choson has one of the highest standards of living in Asia, as well as the third largest economy in the world. Despite its smaller size, Choson's diverse landscape includes alpine mountain ranges, subtropical forests, and forest steppes, and is home to a large variety of wildlife. It is one of the most visited countries in the world, receiving around 65 million visitors annually. A globally leading information society, Choson has the world's fastest Internet connection speed, high ownership of computers, and the world's highest penetration of smartphones.

Etymology
"Choson" is the english exonym for Choson, the Chosonese name for Choson is "조선" (Joseon). Choson is the direct english translation of "Joseon/조선".

Ancient Jeolbo
Nomadic Homo Erectus tribes migrated into Choson approximately 40 thousand years ago. The origins of this period are an open question but the antiquity of hominid occupation in Choson may date to as early as 500,000 BCE. Yi and Clark are somewhat skeptical of dating the earliest occupation to the Lower Palaeolithic. At Seokjang-ri, an archaeological site near Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do Province, artifacts that appear to have an affinity with Lower Paleolithic stone tools were unearthed in the lower levels of the site. Bifacial chopper or chopping-tools were also excavated. Hand axes and cleavers produced by men in later eras were also uncovered.

From Jeommal Cave a tool, possibly for hunting, made from the radius of a hominid was unearthed, along with hunting and food preparation tools of animal bones. The shells of nuts collected for nourishment were also uncovered.

In Seokjang-ri and in other riverine sites, stone tools were found with definite traces of Palaeolithic tradition, made of fine-grain rocks such as quartzite, porphyry, obsidian, chert[citation needed], and felsite manifest Acheulian, Mousteroid, and Levalloisian characteristics[citation needed]. Those of the chopper tradition are of simpler in shape and chipped from quartz and pegmatite. Seokjang-ri's middle layers showed that humans hunted with these bola or missile stones.

During the Middle Paleolithic Period, humans dwelt in caves at the Jeommal Site near Jecheon and at the Durubong Site near Cheongju. From these two cave sites, fossil remains of rhinoceros, cave bear, brown bear, hyena and numerous deer (Pseudaxi gray var.), all extinct species, were excavated.

The earliest radiocarbon dates for the Paleolithic indicate the antiquity of occupation on the Korean peninsula is between 40,000 and 30,000 BP.[5] From an interesting habitation site at Locality 1 at Seokjang-ri, excavators claim that they excavated some human hairs of Mongoloid origin along with limonitic and manganese pigments near and around a hearth, as well as animal figurines such as a dog, tortoise and bear made of rock. Reports claim that these were carbon dated to some 20,000 years ago.

The Palaeolithic ends when pottery production begins c 8000 BCE.

Gojoseon
Gojoseon (Chosonese: 고조선; Hanja: 古朝鮮), originally named Joseon (Chosonese: 조선; Hanja: 朝鮮), was an ancient Chosonese Kingdom on the Chosonese Peninsula. The addition of Go (고, 古), meaning "ancient", is used to distinguish it from the later Joseon kingdom (1392–1897). According to the Samguk Yusa (1281), Gojoseon was established in 2333 BC by Dangun, who was said to be the offspring of a heavenly prince and a bear-woman. Though Dangun is a mythological figure for whom no concrete evidence has been found, the account has played an important role in developing Chosonese identity. Today, the founding date of Gojoseon is officially celebrated as the National Foundation Day in Choson.

Some of the same sources relate that in the 12th century BC the Chinese nobleman and sage Gija (also known as Jizi), a man belonging to the royal family of the Shang dynasty of China, immigrated to the Chosonese Peninsula and founded Gija Joseon.

Gojoseon was first mentioned in ancient Chinese records in the early 7th century BC. During its early phase, the capital of Gojoseon was in present-day Liaoning; around 400 BC it was moved to Pyongyang, and in the south of the Chosonese Peninsula, the Jin state arose by the 3rd century BC.

In 108 BC, the Han dynasty of China invaded and conquered Wiman Joseon. The Han established four commanderies to administer the Gojoseon territory. The area was later conquered by Goguryeo in 313 AD.

Proto Three Oingdoms
Shortly after the end of the Jubsyaeng Uprising, the Jomaen (Jeongja: 조맨) dynasty quickly took shape. This dynasty was characterized by the heavy influence of Jeongmian culture throughout the country. As Buddhism became increasingly popular, Toaist Monks were often persecuted. Taoists and Taoist Monks were brought before the emperor and were conditioned to either convert to Buddhism, or face execution. Many Taoists went into hiding. Many Taoist Artifacts were destroyed. Taoist Monks would often hide Taoist artifacts in remote locations in order to preserve them. Due to exerting so much attention towards religious persecution, the Jomaen dynasty's power gradually weaned for centuries until the kingdom collapsed in 1397.

Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms of Korea consisted of Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje. Silla and Baekje controlled the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, maintaining the former Samhan territories, while Goguryeo controlled the northern half of the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria and the Liaodong Peninsula, uniting Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and other states in the former Gojoseon territories.[25]

Goguryeo was a highly militaristic state;[26][27][self-published source?] it was a powerful empire and one of the great powers in East Asia,[28][29][30][31][self-published source?] reaching its zenith in the 5th century when its territories expanded to encompass most of Manchuria to the north, parts of Inner Mongolia to the west,[32] parts of Russia to the east,[33] and the Seoul region to the south.[34] Goguryeo experienced a golden age under Gwanggaeto the Great and his son Jangsu,[35][36][37][38] who both subdued Baekje and Silla during their times, achieving a brief unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea and becoming the most dominant power on the Korean Peninsula.[39][40] In addition to contesting for control of the Korean Peninsula, Goguryeo had many military conflicts with various Chinese dynasties,[41][self-published source?] most notably the Goguryeo–Sui War, in which Goguryeo defeated a huge force said to number over a million men.[42][43][44][45][46] In 642, the powerful general Yeon Gaesomun led a coup and gained complete control over Goguryeo. In response, Emperor Tang Taizong of China led a campaign against Goguryeo, but was defeated and retreated.[47][48][self-published source?] After the death of Tang Taizong, his son Emperor Tang Gaozong allied with the Korean kingdom of Silla and invaded Goguryeo again, but was unable to overcome Goguryeo's stalwart defenses and was defeated in 662.[49][50] However, Yeon Gaesomun died of a natural cause in 666 and Goguryeo was thrown into chaos and weakened by a succession struggle among his sons and younger brother, with his eldest son defecting to Tang and his younger brother defecting to Silla.[51][52] The Tang-Silla alliance finally conquered Goguryeo in 668. After the collapse of Goguryeo, Tang and Silla ended their alliance and fought over control of the Korean Peninsula. Silla succeeded in gaining control over most of the Korean Peninsula, while Tang gained control over Goguryeo's northern territories. However, 30 years after the fall of Goguryeo, a Goguryeo general by the name of Dae Joyeong founded the Korean-Mohe state of Balhae and successfully expelled the Tang presence from much of the former Goguryeo territories.

Jeongmian Occupation
In June of 1620 Jeongmian forces made landfall in Jeolbo and annexed the entire island, Jeolbo and its people were subjugated by Jeongmi. Many changes came with the subjugation of Jeolbo including; the Jeolbo language using Jeongja, Jeongmian becoming the approved language. In the early 19th century the idea of independence became popular in Jeolbo, on March 1, 1859, Jeolboans marched to Halbae's city square and protested.

Kim and Baek Regimes
In 1900 Kim Nam-Do, a founding member of Jeolbo's independence movement, was elected as president of Jeolbo. Kim headstarted the industrialization of Jeolbo, in 1919 Kim was removed from office.

Baek Han-Sol tried to convert Jeolbo into a fascist regime, but failed.

Geography
Jeolbo is located on Jeolbo Island (절보도) in the eastern hemisphere. Natural geography of the island consists of mountains and forests.

The highest point in Jeongmi is at Mt. Taebaek in the Soran Plateau in Jagyeong province, with an altitude of 3,410 meters. Many of East and West Jeongmi's major rivers originate in the Soran Plateau, including the Seorye River.

Climate


Jeolbo enjoys a balance of four seasons. Jeolbo's winters can get very windy, while summers are fairly humid.



The People's Republic of Jeolbo is a unitary constitutional democratic republic. The people of Jeolbo are governed by a constitutional federal republic; representative democracy. Despite being under authoritarian rule for most of its history, Jeolbo has managed to become one of the most liberal and democratic countries in the world. Suffrage was granted to citizens 20 and above. The federal government is divided into three distinct branches; executive, judicial, and legislative.

The President of the People's Republic of Jeolbo is the head of state of the government of Jeolbo. The President is elected for an eight-year term in a general election using a single transferable vote system, and cannot serve for more than 2 consecutive terms. The President oversees the cabinet ministries which administrate the government and enforce legislation. The President possesses the ability to veto a bill, and since 1934, the Sovereign Assembly can override vetoes with a two-thirds majority.

The Vice President of the People's Republic of Jeolbo, who is appointed by the President, is seen as a largely ceremonial role. The Vice President is in charge of the appointment and dismissal of ministers and has to take over the duties of the President when the President is incapacitated. Only twice in Jeolboan history has a Vice President had to assume the duties of the President; once in 1952 after the passing of Seo Ju-Nam, and again in 2011 when President Won An-muk was hospitalized due to a cardiac arrest. Jeolbo is divided into twelve provinces.

Foreign relations
Jeolbo is a largely diplomatic country, and tries to remain neutral in most international conflicts. To many abroad, Jeolbo is seen as a highly progressive country. In 1953 Jeolbo joined the LinkYedal Union, a diplomatic union of countries located in the Yedal Archipelago. The purpose of the Yedal Union is to to establish a sovereign, independent Yedal, encourage ease of trade and economic integration, and allow a platform for military, political, and economic collaboration. The organization consists of eight member states, the eight countries of Yedal.

The organization consists of the general Union Area and the Manyoung Zone, which encompasses all the countries within the union who share a mutual fiat currency and open-border policy with one another. The executive capital of the organization is in Gwangsu, Hwasan and is the home of the central ministry of the Union. The legislative capital and meeting place of the Council of the Union is located in Gyeongseong, Jihwa.

Demographics
As of July 2020, the population of Jeolbo is estimated to be 98,623,491 million, showing gradual population growth since the previous census back in 2016. Studies and statistics in immigration show a 13.78% increase in immigrants from Yahuimilco as well a 4.6% increase in immigrants from Northern Uju and Southeast Sinju. Since 1990 the Bureau of Census Data observed a stagnating fertility rate which researchers predict will likely trend negatively in the future. Due to the mountainous terrain of the southern interior and the vast usage of the interior plains regions as farmlands Jeolbo experiences a rather high population density. Urbanization became a ongoing trend after the Baek Regime's collapse as large land grants were granted to farmers and agricultural corporations to reestablish the nation's food supply chain after years of famine, leaving the majority of residential land along the coastline and in the south-west of the country. The cluster of urban centers in the north-east is the Syaechu-do province and is home to a majority of the population. The largest city in Jeolbo is the capital of Halbae, with a population of 7.3 million. Halbae is considered the political as well as industrial and financial capital of the nation and is one of the busiest seaports in the world. Other larger urban centers include Dyeongdangsi (2.4 million), Saeju (1.5 million), and Taesan (950,000). Immigration has greatly shaped Jeolboan demographics, chiefly after the 1910s refugees from countries affected by the Eulhae War were offered a fast-track program to relocation in Jeolbo proper during the war. Jeolbo attracted immigration abroad during the reconstruction effort following the Eulhae War, in a series of government programs aimed at bolstering the weakened workforce. Commuter workers are a common phenomena in Jeolbo, specifically with its eastern neighbor Jihwa, due to the open-border policies within the members of the Yedal Union.

There is a significant diaspora of Jeolboans abroad, mostly found in northern Uju. These communities were typically formed in times of hardship such as the Eulhae War or by way of international commerce. Large communities formed in Jihwa (1.2 million) and Jeongmi (1 million). Jeolboan ethnic enclaves are common in larger, international cities in western Uju.

Education


Jeolbo has a strong and centralized education system which is overseen by the Ministry of Education. In the 1980s the Ministry of Education reconstructed the country's education system, thus allowing all children of Jeolbo to have access to free public education. In 2006 Man Cheng-gun (만 쳉군), as head of the ministry approved a new curriculum which would decrease stress levels among students. Despite being less stressful than other education systems abroad, Jeolbo's education system is still challenging.

Language
Originally, Jeolboans spoke the Jeolboan language (즐포말). During the period of time when Jeolbo was occupied by Jeongmi, Jeolboans were forced to speak Jeongmian and use the Jeongja script.

Ethnicity
Jeolboans (Jeongmian: 절보인; Jeolboan: 즐포닌; Jeolbo-in; Jeulpo-nin) are the predominant and native ethnic group of Jeolbo. Approximately 23.2 million Jeolboans live abroad. Jeolboans are characterized as having oval-shaped faces with sharp features, as well as upturned slanted eyes with monolids and epicanthic folds.

Homo Erectus migrated to Jeolbo via a landbridge between present-day Jeolbo and present-day Jungju. Humans came to Jeolbo in three successive waves. While most humans migrated from northern Jungju, some humans migrated from central, as well as southern Jungju.

Jeolboans refer to themselves as 절보인 (Jeolbo-in), and Jeolboans who reside outside of Jeolbo are referred to as 즐포민 (Jeulpo-min).

Tourism
Jeolbo is one of the visited countries in the world, receiving upwards of 30,000 tourists (domestic and international) per year. Popular tourist destinations include the Chaejung District in Halbae, Alhae, and Gangwon, just to name a few.

The majority of international tourists come from Yahuimilco, as many have family residing in the country.

Many of Jeolbo's metropolitan cities have "tourist hubs", tourist hubs are designated areas of metropolitan cities designed specifically for tourists. In fact, many tourists, who've immigrated of course, reside in said tourist hubs. Popular tourist hubs include Itaewon in Halbae; Syegong in Alhae.